3^rd International Conference on Materials Science & Research November 19-20, 2020 Budapest, Hungary

The potentiality of a nation to harness nature additionally as its ability to cope up with the challenges posed by it's determined by its complete understanding of materials and its ability to boost and turn out them for various applications.Advanced Materials ar at the most a part of several technological developments that bit our lives.Advanced materials have an important role to play within the future years due to its multiple functions and may be of a bigger facilitate for whole humanity.

Electronic materials for communication and data technology, optical fibers, optical maser fibers sensors for the intelligent surroundings, energy materials for renewable energy and surroundings, lightweight alloys for higher transportation and materials for strategic applications.

Smart materials square measure designed materials that have one or a lot of properties which will be considerably modified in a very controlled fashion by external stimuli, like stress, moisture,electrical or magnetic fields, light, temperature, pH or chemical compounds causes transformation of their material property.sensible Materials square measure the premise of the various applications at the side of sensors and actuators, or artificial muscles, considerably as electrically activated polymers.

There square measure many probabilities for sensible Materials and structures within the synthetic world.sensible Materials will provide the upkeep engineers a transparent report on the performance history of the fabric and also the location of imperfections further.These materials will counteract to unsafe conditions like excess vibrations and have an effect on the self-repair.sensible materials can have any wide space of applications that helps to attain technological goals.This ends up in sensible materials and structures that may be useful in braving engineering issues with yet undoable potency and provides the chance for making a replacement product.

Smart Materials have a broad vary of applications within the field of engineering. They are employed in Marine, Aerospace, pc and electronic devices, Buildings and Structures, Medical instrumentation Applications, trade goods and applications, rotating machinery applications and plenty of additional.

Sensible Materials also are used in several creative covering technologies, wearable technologies that involve the utilization of e-textiles. It's employed in the structures of technology and design that disclose and uncovers the traditional and spectacular architectures by human or modify the earth’s earth science. Smart materials square measure getting down to play a vital role in technology styles for dams, bridges, highways, and buildings.

square measure helpful conjointly to get rid of corrosion of a Navy Pier and conjointly engineers square measure introducing sheets of composites materials containing sensors that may alert maintenanceThe recent analysis in distinct areas like technology, structural engineering and archaeologic technology goes on with totally different theories of environmental, geotechnical, structural and construction engineering.

Shape Memory Alloys have mostly two phases Austenite and Martensite. Austenite phase is symmetric and Martensite phase is less symmetric. When a SMA is in martensite phase at lower temperatures, the metal can be deformed easily into any shape. When the alloy is warmed, it goes through transformation from martensite to austenite. Shape memory alloys are special and unique class of metal alloys when warmed up above certain temperature can recuperate apparent lasting strains which are resulted in it. They have high strength, good elasticity, fatigue resistance, wear resistance, easy fabrication. SMA’s have the ability to be used successfully in seismic area.

The two most prominent shape-memory alloys are copper-aluminum-nickel and nickel-titanium (NiTi), but SMAs can also be developed by alloying zinc, copper, gold and iron.

Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are polymeric smart materials that have the ability to return from a deformed state (temporary shape) to their permanent shape develop by an external stimulus, such as temperature change. Shape Memory polymers are the compound plastics polymers that have a unique chemical structure. The glass transition temperature (Tg) plays a crucial role in Shape Memory Polymers. Above the Tg these Shape Memory polymers turn into rubber elastic and flexible. These Materials can solve engineering problems with unbelievable efficiency.

Here are the examples of polymers which can exhibit shape memory effect include(meth)acrylates, polyurethanes, and blends of polyurethane and polyvinylechloride.

\r\n Material science has a wide range of applications which includes ceramics, composites and polymer materials. Bonding in ceramics & glasses uses both covalent and ionic-covalent types with SiO2 as a basic building block. Ceramics are as soft as clay or else as hard as stone and concrete. Usually, they are in crystalline form. Most glasses contain a metal oxide amalgamated with silica. Applications scale from structural elements such as steel-reinforced concrete to the gorilla glass. 

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\r\n Polymers are also crucial part of materials science. Polymers are the raw materials which are used to make plastics. Specialty plastics are materials with particular characteristics, such as ultra-high strength, electrical conductivity, electro-fluorescence, high thermal stability. Plastics are not divided based on their material but on its properties and applications.

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\r\n The global market for carbon fiber is expected to grow at a five-year CAGR (2015 to 2020) of 11.4%, to reach $3.5 billion in 2020. And the market for Carbon fiber reinforced plastic is expected to grow at a five-year CAGR (2015 to 2020) of 12.3%, to reach $34.2 billion in 2020. The competition in the global carbon fiber and carbon fiber reinforced plastic market is intense within a large players, such as Toray Toho, Mitsubishi, Hexcel, Formosa, SGL carbon, Cytec, Aksa, Hyosung, Sabic, etc.

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\r\n Smart Polymers go through large reversible changes either in their physical or chemical properties due to the little environmental variations. These Smart Polymers are temperature sensitive polymers; the main classes of these temperature responsive polymers are Shape Memory Alloys, Liquid Crystalline Materials and responsive polymer solutions. These materials are delicate to several factors such as humidity, pH, temperature intensity of light and many more. Due to the wavelength or magnetic field they are able to respond in different ways like transparency, becoming conductive or changing shapes which are usually shape memory polymers. Minute change in the environment is enough to produce a large change in the polymer’s characteristics.

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\r\n These materials have ability to convert thermal energy into electric energy or provide refrigeration directly from electric energy. Thermoelectric generators are used in wide range. Industrial processes waste heat will be reused to electric energy. They are utilized as power source in satellite, space probes. They are useful in small portable applications. These materials are environmental friendly. There will be no moving parts so that maintenance is required less frequently. They are authentic source of energy and recycles wasted heat energy.

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Optical and Electronic Smart Materials are connected and related with light and electricity. Optical and Electronic materials comprise the study, design, and manufacturing of smart materials that can convert electrical signals to light signals and light signals to electrical signals. The devices which convert them is called optoelectronic devices. Optoelectronics escalates in the quantum mechanical effect of light. These optoelectronic technologies consist of laser system, remote sensing systems, fiber communications, and electric eyes medical diagnostic systems.Track 10: Nanoscale Materials and Nanotechnology

\r\n Nano Technology is the science deals with the acute very tiny particles or one dimension sized particles from one to 100 nm said as Nano particles. Most nanoparticles are very small to be seen in a naked eye. These particles have the ability to manage individual atoms and molecules. It plays a very major role in determining the efficacy of mechanical reinforcement. These materials are used for a vast range of applications. Thanks to the assorted potential applications wide variety of theory goes beneath the Nano technology throughout the globe like surface science, chemistry, biology, semiconductor physics, energy storage, tiny fabrication, molecular engineering, etc.

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\r\n Smart Nanomaterials have their presence strongly in the areas like healthcare. Smart Nanomaterials in medical industry respond to injuries by delivering drugs and antibiotics. These recently developed materials may include nanosensors, nanocomputers and nanomachines interpose their structure. Smart materials in the nanotechnology hold the possibility for exceedingly complex solutions.

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\r\n Smart Sensors are analog /digital transducers which are combined with a processing unit and a transmission interface. It consists of transducer element and signal conditioning electronics that support some intelligence in a single package. These smart sensors are consolidated with electronics that can enact functions such as data conversion, Bidirectional communication, take decisions and perform logical operations.

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\r\n Bioinspired materials are synthetic materials whose function, properties and structure imitate those of natural materials. These bioinspired design concepts are swiftly integrated into many applications. They are used in broad range of materials and devices intended for medical, industrial, consumer, military and energy sectors. Light harvesting photonic materials that mimic photosynthesis, camera lenses inspired by compound eyes of insects, etc is one of the examples of bioinspired materials.

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\r\n Nanotechnology comprises the understanding, manipulation and control of matter. Nanotechnology expands its creation both in devices and materials with an vast range of applications such as electronics, medicine, production and energy. Nanotechnology products and application database provide an overview of how nanomaterials are utilized in industrial and commercial applications. It mainly concentrates on the study of very small things which are used in various fields such as chemistry, biology, physics, material science and engineering.

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\r\n Neuroengineering concentrates on the development of artificial devices and novel materials to be functionally and structurally interfaced with the central nervous system (CNS). Today, there is the expectation that materials science and nanotechnology will be able to address these challenges and conduct to breakthroughs at the level of the interfaces between artificial transducers/actuators and living cells. Nanoparticles have ability to penetrate the BBB of in vitro and in vivo models; and therefore can be utilized to develop diagnostic tools as well as nano-enabled delivery systems that can bypass the BBB in order to make conventional and novel neurotherapeutic interventions such as drug therapy, gene therapy, and tissue regeneration.

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\r\n Nanotechnology is functional in many communications, computing and electronic applications and it provides faster, smaller and more portable systems. These systems can manage and store larger amounts of information. Nano electronics  mean using nanotechnology in electronic  components,  there are several applications such as computing and electronic products include Flash memory chips for iPod nanos, antimicrobial and antibacterial coatings on the  mouse, the keyboard, and the cell phone castings. The aim of nano electronics is to process, transmit and store information by taking benefits of properties of matter that are distinctly different from macroscopic properties.

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Nanotechnology, a promising field of research welcomes in the present decade a wide array of opportunities in the present decade and is expected to give major impulses to technical innovations in a variety of industrial sectors in the future.

The potential advantages and benefits of nanotechnology are enormous. These include agricultural productivity enhancement involves nanoporous zeolites for slow release and efficient dosage of water and fertilizer, nanocapsules for herbicide delivery and vector and pest management and nanosensors for pest detection. The atom by atom arrangement permits the

manipulation of nanoparticles thus influencing their size, shape and orientation for reaction with the targeted tissues. It is now known that many insects have ferromagnetic materials in the head, thorax and abdomen, which act as geomagnetic sensors.

\r\n It refers to the importance of nanotechnology to develop the environmental sustainability of processes that are producing negative externalities. For the base of sustainability, they are making green Nano-products and using Nano-products. The main aim of this technique is to minimize harmful environmental hazards and human health risks associated with the manufacture of nanotechnology products, and also to boost replacement of existing products with new Nano-products that should be eco-friendly to the people. Nanomaterials or nanoproducts used under this technology can perform several functions.

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\r\n Nanomedicine is the application of nanoscience and its technology in the field of medical science. It ranges from the applications of nanomaterials to biosensors, also for further upcoming applications of molecular nanotechnology such as biological machines. Most of the biological structures are equal to the size of the nanomaterial. So the functionalities of those structures can be quickly replaced by means of adding the specific functionality to nanoparticles.

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\r\n For the repair or reshape of the mutilated tissue, nanotechnology can be used as part of tissue engineering by the usage of suitable nanomaterial-based scaffolds and growth factors. If it is victorious then tissue engineering may replace conventional treatments like organ transplants. For bone tissue engineering applications, nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon nanocones and tungsten disulfide are used as reinforcing agents to manufacture mechanically strong biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites.

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\r\n Nanoremediation is described as purpose of using nanoparticles for environmental remediation. This process plays crucial role in treating the surface water, groundwater and also for the detection of trace contaminants. Nanomaterials are utilized for this purpose are carbon nanotubes and TiO2. From time to time these nanoparticles are used as a reactive agent or as sorbents. Nanoremediation is also being used for soil and sediment clean-up. Mycoremediation is other technique that is entirely fungus-based remediation which follows the same principle as that of nanoremediation.

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\r\n Light behavioral studies on the nanometer scale and the association of those nanometer-scale objects with light is the Nano-optics or Nanophotonics. The main objective of Nanophotonics is the use of metamaterials to produce accurate images by the use of superlens. It is a study of optical engineering, electrical engineering and nanotechnology. This theory further contributes to a general category of nanotechnology that is revolutionizing to some of the miniaturized projects and that is treated by R&D departments.

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A nanolaser could be a story quite optical maser that has its dimensions at the nanoscale vary. These little lasers is simply modulated, and this factor makes them ideal for on-chip optical computing.The laser’s intense optical field additionally increase the impact in non-linear optics or surface-enhanced-Raman-scattering and thus paves the method toward integrated nanophotonic electronic equipment.